Isolation and Identification of Fungal Isolates caused Otomycosis from some Hospitals and Clinics in Mosul with Determination of Their Virulence Factors
Keywords:
Otomycosis Candida Aspergillus Mosul
Abstract
Otomycosis is a fungal infection that frequently involves the external auditory canal. In this study, we aimed to isolation and identification the fungal isolates as etiological agents of otomycosis from some hospitals and clinics in Mosul with determination of their virulence factors of fungal etiological agents. Positive fungal infection was found in (43) samples (71.6%). The most common fungal pathogens were Candida and Aspergillus species, with Candida parapsilosis being the predominant isolates in (11) samples (16.6%). Otomycosis was more common in Female in (26) samples (43.3%).Otomycosis was the highest prevalence aged group 15-40 years (19) samples (31.3%). The present study of virulence factors revealed that the highest biofilm formation isolates were C. parapsilosis is (10) isolates which were distributed between (2) strong and (8) weak biofilm formation.Where C.trpicales, was recorded as least isolates for biofilm production.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
[1] Dota, Kelen Fátima Dalben et al. “Antifungal Activity of Brazilian Propolis Microparticles against Yeasts Isolated from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.” Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM vol. 2011 (2011): 201953. doi:10.1093/ecam/neq029
[2] Mahmoudabadi, Ali Zarei, Majid Zarrin, and Maryam Beheshti Fard. "Antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from candiduria." Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 6.1 (2013): 24.
[3] Gharaghani, Maral et al. “Antifungal susceptibility profiles of otomycosis etiological agents in Ahvaz, Iran.” Current medical mycology vol. 6,2 (2020): 18-22. doi:10.18502/CMM.6.2.2696
[4] Ali, Khaled et al. “Identification of Fungal Pathogens in Otomycosis and Their Drug Sensitivity: Our Experience.” International archives of otorhinolaryngology vol. 22,4 (2018): 400-403. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1626702
[5] Tasić-Otašević, S et al. “Species distribution patterns and epidemiological characteristics of otomycosis in Southeastern Serbia.” Journal de mycologie medicale vol. 30,3 (2020): 101011. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101011
[6] Nigar, Ismet, et al. "Evaluation of Chromogenic agar medium for rapid identification of Candida species." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 9.1 (2015): 22-26.
[7] Huang, Yu-Shan et al. “High rates of misidentification of uncommon Candida species causing bloodstream infections using conventional phenotypic methods.” Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi vol. 120,5 (2021): 1179-1187. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2020.11.002
[8] Ismail, Mohammad T et al. “Otomycosis in Damascus, Syria: Etiology and clinical features.” Current medical mycology vol. 3,3 (2017): 27-30. doi:10.29252/cmm.3.3.27
[9] Chappe, M et al. “Successful treatment of a recurrent Aspergillus niger otomycosis with local application of voriconazole.” Journal de mycologie medicale vol. 28,2 (2018): 396-398. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.03.009
[10] Kiakojuri, Keivan et al. “Otomycosis in Adolescent Patients Referred to the Therapeutic Centers in Babol City, Iran.” Jundishapur journal of microbiology vol. 8,5 e17138. 31 May. 2015, doi:10.5812/jjm.8(5)2015.17138
[11] Kazemi, Abdolhassan et al. “Etiologic Agents of Otomycosis in the North-Western Area of Iran.” Jundishapur journal of microbiology vol. 8,9 e21776. 8 Sep. 2015, doi:10.5812/jjm.21776
[12] Vennewald, Irina, and Eckart Klemm. “Otomycosis: Diagnosis and treatment.” Clinics in dermatology vol. 28,2 (2010): 202-11. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.003
[13] Anaam F. H. Immunohistological Effect of Gliotoxin produced by some pathogenic Mold and Yeast in Albino Male Mice. P.HD.thesis,Univercity of Baghdad, College of science. Department of Biology.2016.
[14] Hospenthal, Duane R et al. “Presumptive identification of Candida species other than C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis with the chromogenic medium CHROMagar Candida.” Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials vol. 5 1. 3 Jan. 2006, doi:10.1186/1476-0711-5-1
[15] Forbes, Betty A., Daniel F. Sahm, and Alice S. Weissfeld. "Bailey and Scotts' Diagnostic microbiology 12th. ed." St Louis, Mosby (2007).
[16] Larone, Davise H. "Medically Important Fungi. A Guide to Identification. 1995." QR245 (1995): 204-599.
[17] Gupta, Vivek, et al. "Identification of Candida albicans using different culture medium and its association in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma." Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology: JOMFP 23.1 (2019): 28.
[18] Janakiram, B., and B. Ramesh. "Methods of determination of biofilm formation by Candida albicans." Res J Microbiol 12 (2017): 90-96.
[19] Nemati, Shadman et al. “Otomycosis in the north of Iran: common pathogens and resistance to antifungal agents.” European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery vol. 271,5 (2014): 953-7. doi:10.1007/s00405-013-2486-0
[20] Prasad, Sampath Chandra et al. “Primary otomycosis in the Indian subcontinent: predisposing factors, microbiology, and classification.” International journal of microbiology vol. 2014 (2014): 636493. doi:10.1155/2014/636493
[21] Othman, Karwan Ismael, et al. "Isolation and identification Candida spp from urine and antifungal susceptibility test." Iraqi Journal of Science (2018): 1981-1988.
[22] Abdulla, Hayffaa, and Eman Abdul Aziz Mustafa. "Rapid Detection of Candida species Isolated from Denture Stomatitis Patients using Phenotypic methods and Chromogenic agar media." Al-Rafidain Dental Journal 20.1 (2020): 125-133.
[23] Mulet Bayona, Juan V et al. “Evaluation of a novel chromogenic medium for Candida spp. identification and comparison with CHROMagar™ Candida for the detection of Candida auris in surveillance samples.” Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease vol. 98,4 (2020): 115168.
[24] Shi, Yu et al. “Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profile of yeast from vulvovaginal candidiasis.” BMC infectious diseases vol. 20,1 287. 19 Apr. 2020, doi:10.1186/s12879-020-04985-w
[25] Zhao, Ying et al. “Yeast identification by sequencing, biochemical kits, MALDI-TOF MS and rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting.” Medical mycology vol. 56,7 (2018): 816-827. doi:10.1093/mmy/myx118
[26] Badiee, P, and A Alborzi. “Susceptibility of clinical Candida species isolates to antifungal agents by E-test, Southern Iran: A five year study.” Iranian journal of microbiology vol. 3,4 (2011): 183-8.
[27] Gharaghani, Maral et al. “Otomycosis in iran: a review.” Mycopathologia vol. 179,5-6 (2015): 415-24. doi:10.1007/s11046-015-9864-7
[28] Kathwate, Gunderao Hanumantrao et al. “Non-antifungal drugs inhibit growth, morphogenesis and biofilm formation in Candida albicans.” The Journal of antibiotics vol. 74,5 (2021): 346-353. doi:10.1038/s41429-020-00403-0
[29] Matare, Tapiwa et al. “Experimental Germ Tube Induction in Candida albicans: An Evaluation of the Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Morphogenesis and Comparison with Pooled Human Serum.” BioMed research international vol. 2017 (2017): 1976273. doi:10.1155/2017/1976273
[30] Mehta, Aditi, et al. "Comparison of Different medium for Germ Tube Production by Candida albicans: A Retrospective Study." Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 7.6 (2018): 819-823.
[30] Marak, Munmun B., and Biranthabail Dhanashree. "Antifungal susceptibility and biofilm production of Candida spp. isolated from clinical samples." International journal of microbiology 2018 (2018).
[32] Kıvanç, Merih, and Sevda Er. "Biofilm formation of Candida Spp. isolated from the vagina and antibiofilm activities of lactic acid bacteria on the these Candida Isolates." African Health Sciences 20.2 (2020): 641-648.
[33] Marić, Svjetlana, and Jasmina Vraneš. "Characteristics and significance of microbial biofilm formation." Periodicum Bilogorum 109 (2007): 115-121.
[34] Salah Nada, Mohsen Hashim Risan and Thamer, A .Muhsen. " Isolation and characterization of Candida glabrata from clinical specimens in some hospitals in Baghdad" Arabian Journal of Scientific Research.10:(2020) 2020.2
[2] Mahmoudabadi, Ali Zarei, Majid Zarrin, and Maryam Beheshti Fard. "Antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from candiduria." Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 6.1 (2013): 24.
[3] Gharaghani, Maral et al. “Antifungal susceptibility profiles of otomycosis etiological agents in Ahvaz, Iran.” Current medical mycology vol. 6,2 (2020): 18-22. doi:10.18502/CMM.6.2.2696
[4] Ali, Khaled et al. “Identification of Fungal Pathogens in Otomycosis and Their Drug Sensitivity: Our Experience.” International archives of otorhinolaryngology vol. 22,4 (2018): 400-403. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1626702
[5] Tasić-Otašević, S et al. “Species distribution patterns and epidemiological characteristics of otomycosis in Southeastern Serbia.” Journal de mycologie medicale vol. 30,3 (2020): 101011. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101011
[6] Nigar, Ismet, et al. "Evaluation of Chromogenic agar medium for rapid identification of Candida species." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 9.1 (2015): 22-26.
[7] Huang, Yu-Shan et al. “High rates of misidentification of uncommon Candida species causing bloodstream infections using conventional phenotypic methods.” Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi vol. 120,5 (2021): 1179-1187. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2020.11.002
[8] Ismail, Mohammad T et al. “Otomycosis in Damascus, Syria: Etiology and clinical features.” Current medical mycology vol. 3,3 (2017): 27-30. doi:10.29252/cmm.3.3.27
[9] Chappe, M et al. “Successful treatment of a recurrent Aspergillus niger otomycosis with local application of voriconazole.” Journal de mycologie medicale vol. 28,2 (2018): 396-398. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.03.009
[10] Kiakojuri, Keivan et al. “Otomycosis in Adolescent Patients Referred to the Therapeutic Centers in Babol City, Iran.” Jundishapur journal of microbiology vol. 8,5 e17138. 31 May. 2015, doi:10.5812/jjm.8(5)2015.17138
[11] Kazemi, Abdolhassan et al. “Etiologic Agents of Otomycosis in the North-Western Area of Iran.” Jundishapur journal of microbiology vol. 8,9 e21776. 8 Sep. 2015, doi:10.5812/jjm.21776
[12] Vennewald, Irina, and Eckart Klemm. “Otomycosis: Diagnosis and treatment.” Clinics in dermatology vol. 28,2 (2010): 202-11. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.12.003
[13] Anaam F. H. Immunohistological Effect of Gliotoxin produced by some pathogenic Mold and Yeast in Albino Male Mice. P.HD.thesis,Univercity of Baghdad, College of science. Department of Biology.2016.
[14] Hospenthal, Duane R et al. “Presumptive identification of Candida species other than C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis with the chromogenic medium CHROMagar Candida.” Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials vol. 5 1. 3 Jan. 2006, doi:10.1186/1476-0711-5-1
[15] Forbes, Betty A., Daniel F. Sahm, and Alice S. Weissfeld. "Bailey and Scotts' Diagnostic microbiology 12th. ed." St Louis, Mosby (2007).
[16] Larone, Davise H. "Medically Important Fungi. A Guide to Identification. 1995." QR245 (1995): 204-599.
[17] Gupta, Vivek, et al. "Identification of Candida albicans using different culture medium and its association in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma." Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology: JOMFP 23.1 (2019): 28.
[18] Janakiram, B., and B. Ramesh. "Methods of determination of biofilm formation by Candida albicans." Res J Microbiol 12 (2017): 90-96.
[19] Nemati, Shadman et al. “Otomycosis in the north of Iran: common pathogens and resistance to antifungal agents.” European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery vol. 271,5 (2014): 953-7. doi:10.1007/s00405-013-2486-0
[20] Prasad, Sampath Chandra et al. “Primary otomycosis in the Indian subcontinent: predisposing factors, microbiology, and classification.” International journal of microbiology vol. 2014 (2014): 636493. doi:10.1155/2014/636493
[21] Othman, Karwan Ismael, et al. "Isolation and identification Candida spp from urine and antifungal susceptibility test." Iraqi Journal of Science (2018): 1981-1988.
[22] Abdulla, Hayffaa, and Eman Abdul Aziz Mustafa. "Rapid Detection of Candida species Isolated from Denture Stomatitis Patients using Phenotypic methods and Chromogenic agar media." Al-Rafidain Dental Journal 20.1 (2020): 125-133.
[23] Mulet Bayona, Juan V et al. “Evaluation of a novel chromogenic medium for Candida spp. identification and comparison with CHROMagar™ Candida for the detection of Candida auris in surveillance samples.” Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease vol. 98,4 (2020): 115168.
[24] Shi, Yu et al. “Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profile of yeast from vulvovaginal candidiasis.” BMC infectious diseases vol. 20,1 287. 19 Apr. 2020, doi:10.1186/s12879-020-04985-w
[25] Zhao, Ying et al. “Yeast identification by sequencing, biochemical kits, MALDI-TOF MS and rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting.” Medical mycology vol. 56,7 (2018): 816-827. doi:10.1093/mmy/myx118
[26] Badiee, P, and A Alborzi. “Susceptibility of clinical Candida species isolates to antifungal agents by E-test, Southern Iran: A five year study.” Iranian journal of microbiology vol. 3,4 (2011): 183-8.
[27] Gharaghani, Maral et al. “Otomycosis in iran: a review.” Mycopathologia vol. 179,5-6 (2015): 415-24. doi:10.1007/s11046-015-9864-7
[28] Kathwate, Gunderao Hanumantrao et al. “Non-antifungal drugs inhibit growth, morphogenesis and biofilm formation in Candida albicans.” The Journal of antibiotics vol. 74,5 (2021): 346-353. doi:10.1038/s41429-020-00403-0
[29] Matare, Tapiwa et al. “Experimental Germ Tube Induction in Candida albicans: An Evaluation of the Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Morphogenesis and Comparison with Pooled Human Serum.” BioMed research international vol. 2017 (2017): 1976273. doi:10.1155/2017/1976273
[30] Mehta, Aditi, et al. "Comparison of Different medium for Germ Tube Production by Candida albicans: A Retrospective Study." Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 7.6 (2018): 819-823.
[30] Marak, Munmun B., and Biranthabail Dhanashree. "Antifungal susceptibility and biofilm production of Candida spp. isolated from clinical samples." International journal of microbiology 2018 (2018).
[32] Kıvanç, Merih, and Sevda Er. "Biofilm formation of Candida Spp. isolated from the vagina and antibiofilm activities of lactic acid bacteria on the these Candida Isolates." African Health Sciences 20.2 (2020): 641-648.
[33] Marić, Svjetlana, and Jasmina Vraneš. "Characteristics and significance of microbial biofilm formation." Periodicum Bilogorum 109 (2007): 115-121.
[34] Salah Nada, Mohsen Hashim Risan and Thamer, A .Muhsen. " Isolation and characterization of Candida glabrata from clinical specimens in some hospitals in Baghdad" Arabian Journal of Scientific Research.10:(2020) 2020.2
Published
2021-07-27
How to Cite
Al-Sharrad, N., Muhammad A. Al-Kataan, & Maha A. Al-Rejaboo. (2021). Isolation and Identification of Fungal Isolates caused Otomycosis from some Hospitals and Clinics in Mosul with Determination of Their Virulence Factors. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science, 26(4), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2021.26.4.1413
Section
Special Issue (Silver Jubilee)
Copyright © Author(s) . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
