Application of Band Ratio Technique To Distinguish The Surface Features for Sea Najaf Area Using Landsat (ETM+) Imagery

Abstract

In this research applying ratios packets technique spectral (Band Ratio) to
determined the properties of the earth surface and discrimination of land cover types.
Where the GPS device has been used to determine the study sites and match these sites
with satellite image. The study relied on a digital space image of satellite Landsat-7
where, six spectral bands has been used for Enhancement Thematic Mapper plus
(ETM+) sensor except the thermal sixth band, where spectral ratios applied of(ETM+)
bands separately to detect different types of surface. Spectral reflectance of the
different samples surface has been measured using a Erdas imagine 8.4 program . The
results showed that the surface samples which value of band ratios more than one
showed high spectral reflectance in the image of the corresponding ratios bands which
appeared brightness color where it distinguished between the different units of the
surface . After that several images of the spectral ratios have been tested, three spectral
ratios images has been collected to create collection image for colored image showing
the surface landmarks clearly different . Finally, the results showed the effectiveness of
spectral band ratios technology to identify and distinguish the different features of the
earth surface.