Rock Slopes Stability Analysis Of AL-Nfayil Formation at Bahr Al-Najaf Basin -middle of Iraq:case study
Keywords:
Rock slope stability, types of failures, Rock stabilization methods, AL- Nfayil formation.
Abstract
Field studies of the (Subhorizontal-layer) slopes of AL-Nfayil formation, middle of Iraq, revealed the abundance of rock slope failures, the dominant types are rock fall, Secondary toppling, and rolling. Slope stability assessment was carried out by stereographic projection. Secondary Toppling mechanisms (generally due to the effects of differential weathering and or Erosion, undercutting as well as the discontinuities surrounding the rock mass ) include mechanism. Some measures are proposed to stabilize the slopes including removal of blocks liable to toppling in the critical cases, and con struction of retaining wall .Downloads
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References
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2) Ahmed, H. A, (2004): Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Miocene Succession Karbala, Najaf area. Unpublished MSC.thesis, College of Science, Bagdad University. 140 p
3) Al- Amiri, M., (1978) Structural Interpretation of the Land Satellite Imagery for the Western Desert, Iraq. GEOSURV, int. rep. no 923.
4) Al-Ani,S.A.J., 1983, Hydrogeochemistry of the natural springs which extend from Hit to Samawa, Western Desert, Iraq, (Unpub.) M.Sc. thesis, College of Science, Baghdad Univ., 168p (in Arabic).
5) Al- Atia, M.J., (2006): History of AL-Najaf Earth ,Geological legacy and Natural Wealths. AL- Nbras Institution for advertising and Publishing, AL-Najaf - AL-Ashraf, Iraq.159p.
6) Al- Azawi, A.A., (2009) Evaluation and Management of Groundwater in Bahr Al Najaf basin, M.Sc. thesis, College of Science, University of Baghdad, unpublished 174P.
7) Al- Jiburi, H., K., and Al-Basrawi, N., H (2007) The Hydrogeology of Iraqi Western and Southern Desert.Western Iraqi Desert Journal. Special Issue, pp 77-91.
8) Al- Kadhimi, J, Sissakin, F. and Fatah, A., (1996) Tectonic Map of Iraq, scale 1: 1000000 GEOSURV, Baghdad, Iraq
9) Al- Mubarak, M. A. and Amin, R. M., (1983) Regional Geological Mapping of the Eastern Part of the Western Desert and the western part of the Southern Desert. GEOSURV, int. rep. No. 1380.
10) Al- Naqash, A., B., (2002) A New Look on the Physiography of Iraq, Under Publication.
11) Al- Saadi, S. N. ,1981, A Method for Mapping Unstable Slopes with Reference to the Coast Line of S.W. Dyfed, Wales, Unpub. PhD. Thesis, University of Bristol. 252 p.
12) Al- Saadi, S. N. 1991. Composite-Base Toppling of Rock Slopes South of Degala Area NE- Iraq . J Sc. Nat, vol.1a, PP 35-45.
13) Al- Shamma'a A.M., (2001) The Source of Springs Water Oriented along the Faulted Zone of Southern Euphrates Rivers, Proceeding of the7th Geological Jordan Conference, 27p.
14) Al-Shemmari,A.N.(2012) Establishing Relations between Hydraulic Parameters and Geoelectrical Properties for Fractured Rock Aquifer in Dammam Formation at Bahr Al-NajaF Basin, Ph.D thesis, College of Science, University of Baghdad, unpub. 160 P.
15) Al- Suhail, Q.A. (1996) Evaluation of Groundwater Exploitation for Agricultural Development of Bahr Al- Najaf basin in Western Desert, Ph.D thesis, College of Science, University of Baghdad, unpub. 132 P.
16) Al-Sultani,A.H.A., 2001, The study of Karsts in the limestone in Bahr An-Najaf, (Unpub.) M.Sc. thesis, College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, 144p (in Arabic).
17) Anon, 1972. The Preparation of Maps and Plans in Terms of Engineering Geology. Quarterly Jour. of Enging. Geol. Vol. 5. PP. 293- 382.
18) Anon, 1977. The Description of Rock Masses for Engineering Purposes.Quart.Jour.of Enging.Geol.Vol.10,pp355-388.
19) Barazanji, M. A. and Al-Yasi, A., (1987) Geophysical Study of Habbania- Razzaza Area, Jour. Water Reso., Vol.6
20) Barwary A.M., and Nasira A.S., (1996) Geological Map of Al Najaf Quadrangle Sheet NH-38-2 of Scale 1:250 000, 1st. ed. GEOSURV. Baghdad.
21) Benni,T.J., 2001, Sedimentological and paleoclimatic record of Bahr Al-Najaf Depression during Late Quaternary, (Unpub.) M.Sc. thesis, College of Science, Baghdad University, 137p (in Arabic).
22) Buday, T. and Jassim, S.Z., 1984. The Regional Geology of Iraq. Tectonism, Magmatism, and Metamorphism, Vol.2, GEOSURV, Baghdad, Iraq, 442pp.
23) Buday, T. and Jassim, S. Z., Kassab, I. I. and Abbas, M. J., (1987) The Regional Geology of Iraq, Tectonism, Magmatism, and Metamorphism, Baghdad , 445P.
24) Cheng, Y.M. and Lau, C.K., 2008, Slope Stability Analysis and Stabilization. Taylor & Francis group, Oxon, 241 p.
25) Evans, R. S., 1981, An Analysis of Secondary Toppling Rock Failures: the Stress Redistribution Method, Quart. Jour. of Enging. Geol. ,V. 14 , PP 77 – 86
26) Goodman, R. E. & Bray, J. W., 1976, Toppling of Rock Slopes, Proceeding Spec. Conf. on Rock Eng. For Foundation and Slopes, ASCE (Boulder , Colorado), Vol. 2 PP. 201-234.
27) Hassan, H.A. (1973) Hydrological, Hydrogeological, and Hydrogeo- chemical Investigation of Bahr Al Najaf area, MSc. thesis, College of science, University of Baghdad, unpublished 125p.
28) Hassan, K. M., 2007, Stratigraphy of Karbala-Najaf Area, Central Iraq. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2007, PP 53-62..
29) Hawkins,A.B. 1986,Rock description engineering Geology.Spec. Publication .2:59-72
30) Hoek, E. and Bray, J. W. 1981, Rock Slope Engineering Inst. of Mining and Metallurgy. London. 358 p.
31) Iraqi Meteorological Organization, 2005, Climatic elements data recorded in An-Najaf Station for the period (1962-2005).
32) Jassim , S. Z. and Goff , J. C. , 2006 . Geology OF IRAQ, Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum, Brno , 431p.
33) Lateef, A.S.A. and Barwary, A.W., (1984) Report on the Regional Geological Mapping of Bahr Al Najaf area, report no. 1327.
34) Maerz, N.H., Youssef, A. and Fennessey, T.W. (2005) New Risk–Consequence Rockfall Hazard Rating System for Missouri Highways Using Digital Image Analysis, Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, 11(3): 229-249.
35) Ramamaurthy, T., 2008, Engineering in Rocks for Slopes, Foundation and Tunnels. New Delhi, 357 p.
36) Sissakian, V. 1999, The Nfayil Formation (serial No.T7) Geol. Survey and Min, Rep. No.2496.
37) Wyllie, C. and Mah, W., 2004, Rock Slope Engineering Civil and Mining. Based on Hoek, E. and Bray, J. W. 1981, Taylor & Francis group, London and Newyork, 431 p
Published
2018-01-15
How to Cite
H.A. Al-Zubaydi, J. (2018). Rock Slopes Stability Analysis Of AL-Nfayil Formation at Bahr Al-Najaf Basin -middle of Iraq:case study. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science, 22(2), 254-276. Retrieved from https://journalsc.qu.edu.iq/index.php/JOPS/article/view/572
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