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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 2004 \u2013 2018) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b ( \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<br>1- \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ADF \u0648 PP \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 Bounds test \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644<br>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631<br>\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"50315\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/67C80335-15A7-4C28-8261-24A955B37412-1024x682.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/67C80335-15A7-4C28-8261-24A955B37412-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/67C80335-15A7-4C28-8261-24A955B37412-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/67C80335-15A7-4C28-8261-24A955B37412-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/67C80335-15A7-4C28-8261-24A955B37412.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"50313\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/A5DB674B-8C99-4782-9F24-4DEE64974DCF-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/A5DB674B-8C99-4782-9F24-4DEE64974DCF-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/A5DB674B-8C99-4782-9F24-4DEE64974DCF-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/A5DB674B-8C99-4782-9F24-4DEE64974DCF-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/A5DB674B-8C99-4782-9F24-4DEE64974DCF.jpeg 1032w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"50314\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/4900779E-5C01-42A1-BAF2-D121F2A3415D-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/4900779E-5C01-42A1-BAF2-D121F2A3415D-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/4900779E-5C01-42A1-BAF2-D121F2A3415D-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/4900779E-5C01-42A1-BAF2-D121F2A3415D-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/4900779E-5C01-42A1-BAF2-D121F2A3415D.jpeg 1032w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"50309\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/57C55C8E-8380-45E6-9CF4-EA6CC1A6D7A3-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-50309\" 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