{"id":63143,"date":"2022-11-09T22:13:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T22:13:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/?p=63143"},"modified":"2023-11-09T20:29:30","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T20:29:30","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-206","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/?p=63143","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a .<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 8 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (2005) \u06488 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a (1969) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 (2010) \u064836 \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (2015\u061b 2019). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643 (2011) \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641 (1992\u061b 2003). \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0633\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-63144\" src=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A810B170-844E-45D8-AE43-B0E6C07130E5-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A810B170-844E-45D8-AE43-B0E6C07130E5-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A810B170-844E-45D8-AE43-B0E6C07130E5-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A810B170-844E-45D8-AE43-B0E6C07130E5-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/A810B170-844E-45D8-AE43-B0E6C07130E5.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/?p=63143\"><i class=\"fa czico-Icon-Navigation-Chevron-Left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":63145,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-10"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63143"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":81451,"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63143\/revisions\/81451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/63145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}